People have always had an interest in observing and researching celestial objects such as the sun, moon, planets

to understand that the Earth is not at the center of the solar system, but rather revolves around the Sun. This understanding was a result of the discoveries and observations made by scientists such as Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, and Galileo Galilei.

Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer who proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system, where the Sun is at the center and the planets revolve around it in elliptical orbits. Copernicus"s model challenged the prevailing geocentric model, where Earth was considered to be the center of the universe. He provided mathematical calculations and observations to support his heliocentric theory.

Johannes Kepler, a German astronomer and mathematician, further refined Copernicus"s heliocentric model by proposing three laws of planetary motion. Kepler"s first law, also known as the law of ellipses, states that the planets move in elliptical orbits, with the Sun at one of the two foci of the ellipse. His second law, the law of equal areas, states that a line joining a planet to the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal periods of time. Kepler"s third law, the law of harmonies, establishes a relationship between a planet"s distance from the Sun and its orbital period.

Galileo Galilei, an Italian scientist, made significant discoveries through his use of the telescope. He observed the phases of Venus, which provided evidence for the heliocentric model. Galileo also discovered the four largest moons of Jupiter, now known as the Galilean moons. These discoveries challenged the notion that all celestial bodies revolved around the Earth and provided strong support for the heliocentric model.

Overall, these scientists and their contributions revolutionized our understanding of astronomy and our place in the universe. Through observations, mathematical calculations, and the use of telescopes, they demonstrated that the Earth is not the center of the solar system, but rather one of the planets revolving around the Sun. This understanding paved the way for further advancements in astronomy and continues to shape our exploration of the cosmos.