1. Familiarize yourself with the text on tornadoes. (Ознакомьтесь с текстом о торнадо). The USA - land of tornadoes

100 meters and heights of up to 3 kilometers. Tornadoes are formed from severe thunderstorms, and they often occur in the central part of the United States, known as Tornado Alley.

(3) Tornadoes are classified based on their intensity using the Enhanced Fujita scale, ranging from EF0 to EF5. An EF0 tornado is the weakest, causing minimal damage, while an EF5 tornado is the most severe, with winds over 322 km/h and causing devastating destruction.

(4) The formation of a tornado begins when there are strong wind shears present in the atmosphere. This means that winds at different altitudes blow at different speeds or in different directions. The change in wind direction and speed creates a rotating column of air, known as a mesocyclone. As the mesocyclone intensifies, it can generate a tornado if other conditions are favorable.

(5) One of the favorable conditions for tornado formation is the presence of a supercell thunderstorm. Supercells are long-lasting thunderstorms that have a rotating updraft. These storms provide the necessary ingredients for tornado formation, including instability in the atmosphere and wind shear.

(6) When a tornado touches down, it can cause severe damage due to its strong winds. Buildings and structures can be destroyed or damaged, and flying debris can be highly dangerous. It is important to take shelter in a safe place, such as a basement or an interior room without windows, when a tornado warning is issued.

(7) Scientists and meteorologists use various tools and technologies to study tornadoes and predict their occurrence. Doppler radar, satellite imagery, and storm chasing vehicles equipped with weather instruments are used to track and monitor severe storms and tornadoes.

(8) Although tornadoes can be destructive, they also play a vital role in the Earth"s atmosphere. They help to redistribute heat and moisture, maintain the planet"s energy balance, and contribute to the overall climate system.

(9) In conclusion, tornadoes are powerful and dangerous natural phenomena that can cause significant damage. Understanding their formation and behavior, as well as taking appropriate safety measures, is crucial in areas prone to tornado activity.