1. Choose a word that is appropriate in meaning to replace the blank. 1. British scientists created a method

1. British scientists created a method of multiplying and dividing. The appropriate word to replace the blank is b) electrical. The method referred to here is likely related to electronic computation, which is commonly achieved through the use of electrical systems in computers.

2. A new area of mathematics, , was independently developed in England and Germany. The appropriate word to replace the blank is c) calculus. Calculus is a branch of mathematics that deals with continuous change and is widely used in various scientific fields, such as physics and engineering.

3. A young American clerk invented a way of coding using punched cards. The appropriate word to replace the blank is b) data. Punched cards were used as a means of storing and retrieving data in early computer systems.

4. Terminals replaced punched cards shortly after. The appropriate word to replace the blank is c) keyboard. Terminals are computer input/output devices that allow users to interact with the computer system, and keyboards are a common component of terminals where users can input data or commands.

5. Mark I was the first computer capable of solving mathematical problems. The appropriate word to replace the blank is b) digital. The Mark I computer was a digital computer, meaning it processed information in binary code (0s and 1s). Digital computers are widely used today and can perform complex mathematical calculations.